INTERJACTION

In grammar, an

interjection or

exclamation is a lexical

category used to express

an isolated emotion or

sentiment on the part of

the speaker (although

most interjections have

cleardefinitions). Filled

pauses such as uh, er,

um are also considered

interjections. Interjections

are typically placed at the

beginning of a sentence.

An interjection is

sometimes expressed as a

singleword or non-

sentence phrase, followed

by a punctuation mark.

The isolated usage of an

interjection does not

represent acomplete

sentence in conventional

English writing. Thus, in

formal writing, the

interjection will be

incorporated into a larger

sentence clause.

Examples in English

Convention like Hi, Bye

and Goodbye are

interjections, as are

exclamations like Cheers!

and Hooray!. In fact, like a

noun or a pronoun, they

are very often

characterized by

exclamation marks

depending on the stress

of the attitude or the force

of the emotion they are

expressing. Well (a short

form of "that is well") can

also be used as an

interjection: "Well! That's

great!" or "Well, don't

worry." Muchprofanity

takes the form of

interjections. Some

linguists consider the pro-

sentences yes, no, amen

and okay as interjections,

since they have no

syntactical connection

with other words and

rather work as sentences

themselves. Expressions

"Excuse me!", "Sorry!",

and similar ones often

serve as interjections.

Interjections can be

phrases or even

sentences, as well as

words, such as "Oh!" or

"Wow!".

Phonology

Several English

interjections contain

sounds that do not, or

very rarely, exist in

regular English

phonological inventory.

For example:

Ahem [əʔəm],

[ʔəʔəm], [əɦəm], or

[ʔəhəm], ("attention!")

may contain aglottal

stop [ʔ] or a [ɦ] in any

dialect of English; the

glottal stop is

common inAmerican

English, some British

dialects, and in other

languages, such as

German.

Shh [ʃːː] ("quiet!") is

an entirely

consonantal syllable.

Ps [psː] ("here!"), also

spelled psst, is another

entirely consonantal

syllable-word, and its

consonant cluster

does not occur initially

in regular English

words.

Tut-tut [ǀ ǀ]

("shame..."), also

spelled tsk-tsk, is

made up entirely of

clicks, which are an

active part of regular

speech in several

African languages.

This particular click is

dental. (This also has

the spelling

pronunciation [tʌt tʌt]

.)

Ugh [ʌx]

("disgusting!") ends

with avelar fricative

consonant, which

otherwise does not

exist in English,

though is common in

languages like

Spanish, German, and

Gaelic .

Whew or phew [ɸɪu]

("what a relief!"), also

spelled shew, may

start with abilabial

fricative, a sound

pronounced with a

strong puff of air

through thelips. This

sound is a common

phoneme in such

languages asSuki (a

language of New

Guinea) and Ewe and

Logba (both spoken in

Ghana).

Gah ("Gah, there's

nothing to do!") ends

with [h], which does

not occur with regular

English words.

Yeah [jæ] ("yes") ends,

in some dialects, with

the short vowel [æ],

which is not found at

the end of any regular

English words

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